A sequential circuit is an electronic circuit composed of logic gates that operate in a predetermined order and produce a desired result. It is a combination of logic elements in which each output of the circuit depends on the state of the inputs and the state of the outputs at the previous clock time. In other words, it is a collection of logic gates and flip-flops whose outputs depend on the sequence of input events, rather than all occurring simultaneously.
Sequential circuits are used in a variety of applications, from digital design to modern electronics. They can be found in home appliances such as programmable coffee makers, home-security systems, and even smart cars. To understand how these circuits work, let’s look at a block diagram of a basic sequential circuit.
In a sequential circuit block diagram, we have three basic components: combinational logic, register, and memory. At the center of the diagram is the clocked combinational logic. This is basically a combination of logic gates that process the inputs and determine the value of the outputs at every clock cycle. The output of the combinational logic is then fed into a storage element such as a register or memory, which retains the values before the next clock cycle.
The output of the storage element is then again given as input to the combinational logic, which then uses the stored information to calculate the output for the next clock cycle. This cycle of input-output-storage-input continues, and depending on the type of logic employed and the amount of memory available, the cycle can go on for many clock cycles.
In conclusion, sequential circuits are used to perform complex calculations over multiple clock cycles. It can be seen from the block diagram that sequential circuits are composed of logic elements that work together to execute a task in a predetermined order. It is a powerful tool used in many applications today and its importance in modern electronics cannot be overstated.
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